/* Additive pointer highlight: never intercepts clicks or replaces the native cursor. */
.studio-pointer {position:fixed;inset:0 auto auto 0;z-index:10000;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s ease;will-change:transform}
.studio-pointer.is-visible {opacity:1}
.studio-pointer::before {content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:0;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}
.studio-pointer-dot::before {width:6px;height:6px;background:#be8a45;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #f5e4c566}
.studio-pointer-ring::before {width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid #bd915aa6;background:#d6af7210;transition:width .2s ease,height .2s ease,background .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}
.studio-pointer-ring.is-interactive::before {width:62px;height:62px;background:#d6af7224;border-color:#d6af72}
.studio-pointer-ring.is-pressed::before {width:30px;height:30px;background:#d6af7233}
@media (hover:none),(pointer:coarse),(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce),(forced-colors:active) {.studio-pointer {display:none!important}}
.motion-reduced .studio-pointer {display:none!important}
@media print {.studio-pointer {display:none!important}}
/* Cinematic medical engineering studio: shared tokens and responsive surfaces. */
:root{--void:#eeeee6;--carbon:#e5e7dd;--carbon2:#d9ddd0;--carbon3:#dfe5d9;--signal:#294c3d;--signal-hi:#42644c;--signal-lo:#1c362b;--signal-pale:#cfd9bb;--signal-wash:#dfe5d9;--on-blue:#dbe1ce;--telemetry:#637348;--telemetry-dim:#415536;--alert:#a94730;--bone:#63695e;--ink:#20392d;--ink-2:#475345;--ink-3:#646d60;--ink-4:#67705f;--line:#c7cdbd;--line-2:#d7dbcf;--deep:#20392d;--deep-2:#1b3027;--sans:'Manrope',Arial,sans-serif;--serif:'Manrope',Arial,sans-serif;--editorial:'Instrument Serif',Georgia,serif;--shell:1440px;--radius:12px;--radius-lg:16px;--pill:6px;--gap-section:clamp(5rem,9vw,9rem);--ease:cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1)}
html{scroll-padding-top:105px;scrollbar-color:#7c8c75 var(--void)}body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;overflow-x:clip}::selection{background:#cdddac;color:#20392d}button,input{font:inherit;caret-color:var(--signal)}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{touch-action:manipulation}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:5px}a:hover{color:var(--signal-hi)}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:6px;border-radius:2px}[hidden]{display:none!important}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.035em;text-wrap:balance}p{text-wrap:pretty}em{font-family:var(--editorial);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em}svg{display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
.studio-shell{max-width:var(--shell);margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem)}
.studio-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:200;background:var(--void);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-height:93px;padding:1.2rem clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:2rem}.studio-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;white-space:nowrap}.studio-brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand-sub{display:block;font-size:.66rem;font-weight:500;margin-top:6px;letter-spacing:0}.brand-symbol{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;height:34px;transform:rotate(-20deg)}.brand-symbol i{width:5px;height:21px;display:block;background:var(--ink);border-radius:3px}.brand-symbol i:nth-child(2){height:34px}.brand-symbol i:nth-child(3){height:27px}.studio-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:clamp(1.3rem,2.5vw,2.9rem)}.studio-nav>a{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}.studio-nav>a:hover,.studio-nav>a[aria-current]{text-decoration:none;border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}.studio-nav .nav-contact{gap:18px;padding:0 16px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:4px}.nav-contact svg{width:16px;height:16px}.studio-nav .nav-contact:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--void)}.studio-menu-toggle{display:none}.studio-menu-toggle span{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1}
.studio-hero{max-width:1600px;margin:auto;padding:0 clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem)}.hero-context{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding-top:25px;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.71rem}.studio-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;align-items:center;min-height:660px;padding:36px 0 24px}.studio-hero-copy{position:relative;z-index:2;padding:14px 0 40px}.studio-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(3.5rem,6.35vw,6rem);line-height:1.035;letter-spacing:-.04em;max-width:none;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:600}.studio-hero-copy h1 em{color:#5c704f;letter-spacing:-.04em}.studio-position{font-size:.83rem;line-height:1.55;max-width:40ch;margin:28px 0 22px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink-2)}.studio-intro{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:40ch;margin:0 0 31px}.studio-intro strong{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}.studio-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;flex-wrap:wrap}.studio-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--void);padding:17px 22px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:5px;font-size:.81rem;font-weight:600;min-height:54px;transition:background .2s,transform .2s}.studio-button svg{width:19px;height:19px}.studio-button:hover{color:var(--void);background:var(--signal-hi);text-decoration:none;transform:translateY(-2px)}.studio-button:active{transform:translateY(0)}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.text-link svg{width:17px;height:17px;transition:transform .25s var(--ease)}.text-link:hover svg{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}
.device-stage{min-width:0;position:relative;margin:0 -14px 0 -32px;align-self:center}.device-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:0 10px;font-size:.64rem;color:var(--ink-3)}.device-status{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}.device-status::before{content:'';width:5px;height:5px;background:#657e4e;border-radius:50%}.device-view{position:relative;aspect-ratio:1;isolation:isolate;margin-top:3px;perspective:1000px}.device-render{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;display:block;mix-blend-mode:multiply;transition:transform .5s var(--ease)}#device-canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;mix-blend-mode:normal}.device-stage.webgl-ready #device-canvas{opacity:1}.device-stage.webgl-ready .device-render{opacity:0}.device-crosshair{position:absolute;width:24px;height:24px;pointer-events:none;opacity:.6}.device-crosshair::before,.device-crosshair::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:var(--signal)}.device-crosshair::before{width:1px;height:24px;left:12px}.device-crosshair::after{height:1px;width:24px;top:12px}.crosshair-one{left:23%;top:39%}.crosshair-two{right:23%;bottom:28%}.device-note{position:absolute;font-size:.62rem;color:var(--ink-3);pointer-events:none}.note-one{left:0;top:34%;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 24px 7px 0}.note-two{right:0;bottom:21%;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:7px 0 0 20px}.device-stage figcaption{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;align-items:center;font-size:.64rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink-3);padding:0 10px}.scan-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;min-height:44px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 13px;background:transparent;border-radius:4px;color:var(--ink);font-size:.7rem;cursor:pointer;transition:background .2s}.scan-button svg{width:18px;height:18px}.scan-button:hover{background:var(--carbon2)}.scan-button:disabled{cursor:wait;color:var(--ink-3)}.hero-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;font-size:.68rem;color:var(--ink-3)}.hero-bottom a{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center}.hero-bottom svg{width:17px;height:17px;transform:rotate(90deg)}
.practice-section{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12%;padding-block:115px 92px}.practice-intro h2,.section-heading h2,.capability-layout h2,.about-copy h2{font-size:clamp(2.5rem,4.2vw,4rem);line-height:1.12}.practice-intro>p{font-size:1rem;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:35ch;margin:25px 0}.evidence-list>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:115px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:25px;padding:19px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.evidence-list>div:first-child{padding-top:0}.evidence-list b{font-size:2.9rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.04em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.evidence-list b span{font-size:1.65rem;font-weight:400}.evidence-list p{margin:0;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6}.evidence-list p span{font-weight:400;color:var(--ink-3);font-size:.72rem}.evidence-source{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:.64rem;color:var(--ink-3);padding-top:18px}.evidence-source svg{width:14px;height:14px}
.org-strip{padding-block:30px 40px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:30px}.org-strip>p{font-size:.7rem;color:var(--ink-3)}.org-strip>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);align-items:center;gap:45px}.org-strip a{display:flex;justify-content:center;min-width:0}.org-strip img{width:auto;max-width:145px;height:38px;object-fit:contain;filter:grayscale(1);mix-blend-mode:multiply;opacity:.7;transition:opacity .2s,filter .2s}.org-strip a:hover img{opacity:1;filter:none}
.work-section{padding-block:110px 95px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:30px;margin-bottom:52px}.section-heading p{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);margin:0 0 6px}.featured-work{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.12fr 1fr;gap:38px}.project{min-width:0}.project-patent{margin-top:110px}.project-visual{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;min-height:400px;aspect-ratio:1.3;overflow:hidden;position:relative;padding:24px;color:var(--ink);border-radius:4px}.project-visual:hover{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.cover-top,.cover-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px;position:relative;z-index:1;font-size:.7rem}.cover-top>span:first-child{font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em}.cover-bottom{font-size:.65rem}.project-arrow{width:40px;height:40px;display:grid;place-items:center;border:1px solid currentColor;border-radius:50%;transition:transform .35s var(--ease)}.project-arrow svg{width:19px;height:19px}.project-visual:hover .project-arrow{transform:rotate(45deg)}.x23d-cover{background:#293d32;color:#eeeee6}.x23d-cover:hover{color:#eeeee6}.x23d-cover img{width:85%;height:75%;object-fit:contain;position:absolute;left:7.5%;top:14%;mix-blend-mode:screen;filter:grayscale(1);transition:transform .7s var(--ease)}.x23d-cover:hover img{transform:scale(1.04)}.patent-cover{background:#d6dcc8}.patent-art{padding:25px 12px;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;flex:1}.patent-word{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.7rem);line-height:1.23;letter-spacing:-.03em;font-weight:500}.patent-word i{font-family:var(--editorial);font-size:1.12em;font-weight:400}.claim-lines{display:flex;gap:9px;align-self:stretch;align-items:center;flex:1;justify-content:center;transform:rotate(-20deg);opacity:.7}.claim-lines span{height:80%;width:10px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:15px}.claim-lines span:nth-child(2){height:100%}.claim-lines span:nth-child(3){height:85%}.claim-lines span:nth-child(4){height:65%}.project-meta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;font-size:.62rem;color:var(--ink-3);margin-top:22px}.project h3{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,2.3vw,2rem);line-height:1.3;margin:13px 0 12px}.project h3 a:hover{text-decoration:none}.project>p{font-size:.83rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:49ch;margin:0 0 10px}.project-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap}.academic-work{margin-top:80px}.academic-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:40px;margin-bottom:23px}.academic-heading h3{font-size:1.6rem}.academic-heading p{max-width:48ch;font-size:.76rem;color:var(--ink-3);margin:0}.academic-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.5fr 1.1fr 24px;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:27px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);transition:background .25s}.academic-row:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.academic-row>span{font-size:.72rem;color:var(--ink-3)}.academic-row h3{font-size:1.25rem}.academic-row p{font-size:.67rem;color:var(--ink-3);margin:0}.academic-row svg{width:22px;height:22px}.academic-row:hover{text-decoration:none;background:var(--carbon)}
.capability-section{background:var(--carbon);padding-block:95px}.capability-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:11%}.capability-layout>div>p{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:38ch;margin:24px 0}.capability-controls{display:flex;border-bottom:1px solid #bbc4af;gap:22px}.capability-controls button{border:0;background:none;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink-3);padding:15px 0;min-height:48px;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;flex:1}.capability-controls button[aria-selected=true]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.cap-panel{padding-top:32px}.cap-tenure{font-size:.65rem;color:var(--ink-3)}.cap-panel h3{font-size:1.85rem;line-height:1.25;margin:20px 0 18px}.cap-panel p{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--ink-2);line-height:1.8;max-width:47ch;margin-bottom:17px}
.about-section{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;gap:12%;padding-block:120px}.portrait{margin:0;max-width:430px}.portrait img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 35%;filter:grayscale(1);border-radius:4px}.portrait figcaption{font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.7;margin-top:18px;font-weight:600}.portrait figcaption span{font-size:.67rem;color:var(--ink-3);font-weight:400}.about-copy .bio-text{margin-top:30px}.about-copy .bio-text p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.8;color:var(--ink-2);margin:0 0 18px;max-width:58ch}.about-copy>.text-link{margin-top:12px}
.studio-contact{padding-block:90px 100px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative}.studio-contact>p:first-child{font-size:.85rem;margin:0 0 25px}.studio-contact h2{font-size:clamp(3.8rem,7.8vw,7rem);line-height:1.02;max-width:12ch;letter-spacing:-.04em}.studio-contact>div{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:40px}.contact-email{font-size:clamp(1.2rem,2.7vw,2.1rem);letter-spacing:-.025em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:8px;display:flex;gap:40px;align-items:center}.contact-email svg{width:28px;height:28px}.contact-email:hover{text-decoration:none}.copy-email{min-height:44px;padding:8px 13px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:none;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.7rem;cursor:pointer}.copy-email:hover{background:var(--carbon)}.contact-detail{position:absolute;right:clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem);top:135px;max-width:31ch;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2)}
.studio-footer{background:var(--deep);color:var(--void);padding:50px clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem) 32px}.footer-name{font-size:clamp(3rem,9.6vw,9rem);font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--void)}.footer-name:hover{color:var(--void);text-decoration:none}.footer-name span{color:#adbd91}.footer-bottom{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.6fr auto auto;gap:30px;align-items:end;margin-top:45px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #52624e;font-size:.62rem;color:#c9d3be}.footer-bottom p{margin:0}.footer-bottom a{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;min-height:44px;color:#e3e8d9}.footer-bottom svg{width:15px;height:15px}
/* Reading surfaces retain all source content and figure structure. */
.hero,.doc-head,.closer{background:var(--carbon);background-image:none;color:var(--ink)}.hero-h,.doc-head h1,.closer h2{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.04em}.hero-h .lo{font-family:var(--editorial);color:var(--signal-hi);font-weight:400}.hero-lead,.hero-lead strong,.doc-head .demonstrates,.doc-head .meta li,.doc-head .meta strong,.resume-contact,.resume-contact a,.closer p{color:var(--ink-2)}.doc-head{padding-block:60px 55px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.doc-head h1{max-width:25ch;font-size:clamp(2.6rem,5.3vw,4.6rem)}.doc-head .meta{border-color:var(--line)}.hero .btn-primary,.doc-head .btn-primary,.closer .btn-primary{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);color:var(--void)}.hero .btn-primary:hover,.doc-head .btn-primary:hover,.closer .btn-primary:hover{background:var(--signal-hi);color:var(--void)}.hero .btn-line,.doc-head .btn-line,.closer .btn-line,.btn-onDark{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);background:transparent}.hero .btn-line:hover,.doc-head .btn-line:hover,.closer .btn-line:hover,.btn-onDark:hover{color:var(--void);background:var(--ink)}.btn{border-radius:5px;font-size:.85rem;transition:background .2s,color .2s,transform .2s}.btn:active{transform:translateY(1px)}.hero-vis{background:var(--deep);border:0;border-radius:4px}.hero-grid{gap:5rem;padding-block:65px}.hero-h{font-size:clamp(2.8rem,4.5vw,4rem)}.shell{padding-inline:clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,5rem)}article.doc{max-width:900px;padding-inline:clamp(1.25rem,4.6vw,4rem);padding-top:60px;font-size:17px}article.doc h2{font-size:2rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:3.4rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:14px}article.doc h3{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.4}article.doc p{line-height:1.85}.lead-in,.claim-block,.testimonial,.disclaimer,.bio-skills li{border-left-width:1px;border-radius:4px}.claim-block{border-color:var(--line)}.disclaimer{background:#eee8d3;border-color:#b6aa7b;color:#4c422b}.disclaimer p{color:#4c422b}.resume-job-head .org{border:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;background:none;display:block}.resume-job-head .org:hover{background:none}.resume-job-head .org,.resume-edu-head .degree{font-size:1.18rem;font-weight:600}.resume-job-head{margin-bottom:8px}.org{border-radius:4px}.org:hover{background:var(--carbon)}.org img{mix-blend-mode:multiply}.stat{background:transparent;border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:0}.stat b{font-weight:500}.stat b,.mono{font-family:var(--sans)}.zig{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.zig-meta .n,.zig-meta .bar{display:none}.zig-copy h3{font-weight:600;font-size:1.7rem}.gauge-track,.gauge-fill{height:3px;border-radius:0}.gauge-fill{animation:none}.work-item{border-radius:4px}.work-item h3{font-weight:600}.sec-lead{max-width:60ch}.sec-lead h2{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.035em}.bio-photo img{border-radius:4px}table.data tbody tr:nth-child(even),table.data tbody th,table.figtable th.rowhead{background:#e7e9df}.table-wrap{border-radius:4px}.table-wrap:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px}.site-foot{background:var(--deep);color:var(--on-blue)}.site-foot p{color:var(--on-blue)}.assistant-toggle{background:var(--deep);box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #728467;width:48px;height:48px;bottom:20px;right:20px}.assistant-panel{border-radius:12px;border-color:var(--line);box-shadow:0 15px 60px #20392d26}.assistant-head{background:var(--deep)}.assistant-input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:2px}.assistant-input::placeholder{color:#68715f}.assistant-chip,.assistant-link{min-height:40px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.js .lift.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}
html.lenis,html.lenis body{height:auto}.lenis.lenis-smooth{scroll-behavior:auto!important}.lenis.lenis-stopped{overflow:hidden}.lenis.lenis-smooth [data-lenis-prevent]{overscroll-behavior:contain}
@media(min-width:1600px){.studio-hero-grid{min-height:760px}.device-stage{max-width:650px}}
@media(max-width:1100px){.studio-nav{gap:20px}.brand-sub{display:none}.studio-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(3.4rem,6.2vw,5.5rem)}.studio-hero-grid{min-height:570px}.device-stage{margin-left:-40px}.device-note{display:none}.studio-intro{font-size:.85rem}.studio-actions{gap:18px}.studio-button{gap:16px;padding:15px 17px}.practice-section{gap:8%}.org-strip{grid-template-columns:150px 1fr}.org-strip>div{gap:25px}.org-strip img{max-width:115px;height:32px}.project-visual{min-height:340px}.contact-detail{position:static;margin-top:35px}.footer-bottom{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.3fr auto}.footer-bottom>a:last-child{display:none}}
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@keyframes hero-drift{from{transform:scale(1.055)}to{transform:scale(1)}}
@media(max-width:1100px){
  .studio-nav{gap:20px}.studio-nav>a{font-size:.64rem}.brand-sub{display:block}
  .studio-brand{font-size:1rem}.studio-home .studio-shell{padding-inline:6%}
  .practice-section,.device-editorial-grid,.capability-layout,.about-section{gap:7%}
  .contact-detail{position:static;margin-top:30px}
}
@media(max-width:900px){
  .studio-header{padding:15px 24px;min-height:78px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:15px}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-menu-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;background:none;border:0;border-radius:0;padding:10px 0 10px 12px;min-height:44px;font-family:var(--display);font-size:.77rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#f3e7d4;cursor:pointer}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;width:100%;padding:18px 28px 28px;background:#091e2e;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;box-shadow:0 15px 22px #0002}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-nav.open{display:flex}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-nav>a{padding:14px 0;font-size:.9rem;border-bottom:1px solid #344651;min-height:50px}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-nav .nav-contact{border:0;gap:14px;padding:14px 0;border-radius:0}
  .studio-header.nav-enhanced .studio-nav .nav-contact:hover{background:none;color:#e9c997}
  .studio-header:not(.nav-enhanced) .studio-nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:15px}
  .studio-hero{min-height:660px}
  .studio-hero-copy{padding-inline:28px}
  .studio-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(29px,5.3vw,47px);letter-spacing:.17em;line-height:1.65}
  .hero-eyebrow{font-size:.54rem;letter-spacing:.16em}
  .hero-subline{font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.12em}
  .practice-section{padding-block:100px}
  .practice-intro h2{font-size:40px}
  .evidence-list{padding-top:35px}
  .evidence-list>div{grid-template-columns:70px 1fr;gap:15px}
  .evidence-list b{font-size:2.25rem}
  .device-editorial{padding-block:100px}
  .device-editorial-copy h2{font-size:37px}
  .work-section{padding-block:95px!important}
  .capability-section{padding-block:100px}
  .about-section{padding-block:100px}
}
@media(max-width:650px){
  .studio-brand{font-size:.98rem;gap:9px}.brand-sub{font-size:.43rem}.brand-symbol{height:30px}
  .studio-home .studio-shell{padding-inline:25px}
  .studio-hero{height:100svh;min-height:640px}
  .hero-environment{object-position:59% center}
  .hero-shade{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#03101c4d,#03101c38 35%,#03101c88)}
  .studio-hero-copy{padding:85px 18px 100px}
  .studio-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(25px,6.9vw,40px);letter-spacing:.13em;line-height:1.7}
  .hero-eyebrow{max-width:26ch;margin:0 auto 25px;font-size:.53rem;line-height:1.9}
  .hero-subline{font-size:.55rem;max-width:29ch;line-height:2.1;margin:24px auto 0;letter-spacing:.12em}
  .hero-bottom{padding:30px 25px 42px;align-items:end}
  .hero-signature{font-size:.54rem;line-height:2}.hero-signature>span{font-size:.48rem}
  .hero-bottom .hero-scroll{display:flex;min-height:60px}
  .hero-scroll>span{display:none}.hero-bottom .hero-scroll svg{height:60px}
  .hero-image-credit{left:25px;bottom:15px;font-size:.43rem}
  .section-kicker{font-size:.55rem!important;margin-bottom:22px!important}
  .practice-section{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px;padding-block:85px}
  .practice-section::before{top:22px;font-size:18vw}
  .practice-intro h2{font-size:clamp(32px,9.6vw,46px);line-height:1.3}
  .practice-intro>p:not(.section-kicker){font-size:.72rem;margin:25px 0}
  .evidence-list{padding-top:0}.evidence-intro{font-size:.73rem;margin-bottom:20px}
  .evidence-list>div{grid-template-columns:85px 1fr;padding:21px 0}
  .evidence-list b{font-size:2.65rem}
  .org-strip{display:block;padding-block:26px 35px}.org-strip>div{gap:28px}
  .org-strip img{max-width:125px;height:29px}
  .device-editorial{padding-block:85px}
  .device-editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:45px}
  .device-editorial-copy h2{font-size:clamp(31px,9.6vw,44px)}
  .device-editorial-copy>p:not(.section-kicker){font-size:.72rem;margin:27px 0}
  .device-stage{margin:0;max-width:none}.device-view{aspect-ratio:1}.device-top{font-size:.5rem}
  .device-stage figcaption{font-size:.51rem;gap:12px}.scan-button{font-size:.52rem;padding:8px;gap:8px}
  .work-section{padding-block:85px!important}
  .section-heading{display:block;margin-bottom:40px}.section-heading h2{font-size:36px}
  .section-heading>p{margin-top:25px;font-size:.72rem;max-width:32ch}
  .featured-work{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:58px}.project-patent{margin:0}
  .project-visual{aspect-ratio:1;min-height:0;padding:22px}
  .studio-home .project h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4}
  .project-meta{font-size:.52rem;gap:8px}.project>p{font-size:.75rem}
  .patent-word{font-size:25px}.claim-lines{gap:8px}
  .academic-work{margin-top:70px!important}.academic-heading{display:block}
  .academic-heading p{margin-top:20px;line-height:1.8}
  .academic-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 24px;padding:23px 0;gap:8px}
  .academic-row h3{font-size:1rem}.academic-row>span,.academic-row p{font-size:.64rem}
  .capability-section{padding-block:85px}.capability-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}
  .capability-layout h2{font-size:37px}.capability-content{padding-top:10px}
  .capability-controls{gap:15px}.capability-controls button{font-size:.69rem}
  .studio-home .cap-panel h3{font-size:24px}.cap-panel p{font-size:.77rem}
  .about-section{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:45px;padding-block:85px}
  .portrait{max-width:100%}.portrait img{aspect-ratio:4/5}
  .about-copy h2{font-size:35px}
  .about-copy .bio-text p{font-size:.78rem}
  .studio-contact{padding-block:80px}.studio-contact h2{font-size:34px;letter-spacing:.05em;line-height:1.4}
  .contact-email{font-size:clamp(15px,5.4vw,22px);gap:18px}
  .contact-email svg{width:21px;height:21px}
  .contact-detail{font-size:.73rem}.copy-email{font-size:.62rem}
  .studio-footer{padding:50px 25px 25px}.footer-name{font-size:clamp(27px,8vw,45px);letter-spacing:.1em}
  .footer-bottom{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:22px;align-items:start;font-size:.53rem}
  .footer-bottom p:nth-child(2){grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2}
}
@media(max-width:370px){.studio-header .brand-sub{display:none}.studio-header .studio-brand{font-size:.88rem}.studio-header{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:12px}.studio-header:not(.nav-enhanced){flex-wrap:wrap}}
.motion-reduced .hero-environment{animation:none}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.hero-environment{animation:none}.studio-header,.hero-scroll svg{transition:none}}
@media print{.studio-home{--void:white;--ink:#111;--ink-2:#333;background:white;color:#111}.hero-environment,.hero-shade,.hero-bottom{display:none}.studio-hero{height:auto;min-height:0}.studio-hero-copy{padding:20px}.studio-hero-copy h1,.hero-eyebrow,.hero-subline{color:#111;text-shadow:none}.studio-header{display:none!important}}

/* Marketing Plan uses the same navy and cream document language as the resume. */
.marketing-page{background:#f5f2eb;color:#152b3b}
.marketing-page .doc-head{background:#091e2e;color:#f6ecda;border-bottom:1px solid #344651;padding-block:clamp(52px,7vw,96px) clamp(46px,6vw,78px)}
.marketing-page .doc-head h1{color:#ecd3af;font-family:var(--display);font-size:clamp(3rem,5.8vw,6.4rem);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.045em;line-height:1.08;max-width:18ch}
.marketing-page .doc-head .demonstrates{color:#d2dade;max-width:67ch;font-size:clamp(.95rem,1.35vw,1.15rem);line-height:1.8}
.marketing-page .doc-head .meta{border-color:#344651}
.marketing-page .doc-head .meta li{color:#cbd5d9}
.marketing-page .doc-head .meta strong{color:#f6ecda}
.marketing-page article.doc{color:#152b3b}
.marketing-page article.doc h2{color:#745327;border-color:#d0cbc0}
.marketing-page article.doc h3{color:#152b3b}
.marketing-page article.doc p,.marketing-page article.doc li{color:#53636b}
@media(max-width:600px){
  .marketing-page .doc-head h1{font-size:clamp(2.65rem,12vw,4.3rem);letter-spacing:.025em}
  .marketing-page .doc-head .demonstrates{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.7}
}
.studio-home .hero-subline{font-size:clamp(1rem,1.5vw,1.35rem);line-height:1.65;letter-spacing:.1em;max-width:56ch;margin:30px auto 0}
@media(max-width:650px){
  .studio-home .hero-subline{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.9;letter-spacing:.1em;max-width:31ch;margin-top:22px}
}
.header-seo{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;color:inherit}
.doc-external-link{margin:.9rem 0 0!important;font-size:.78rem!important;letter-spacing:.04em}
.marketing-page .doc-external-link a{color:#745327}

/* Only the circular window reveals the second room; the base photo stays visible. */
.hero-reveal{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-2;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;
  -webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(circle 170px at var(--reveal-x,-500px) var(--reveal-y,-500px),#000 0%,#000 65%,transparent 100%);
  mask-image:radial-gradient(circle 170px at var(--reveal-x,-500px) var(--reveal-y,-500px),#000 0%,#000 65%,transparent 100%)}
.hero-reveal img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:55% center;max-width:none}
.hero-relief-canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;display:none;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none}
.hero-relief-ready .hero-relief-canvas{display:block}
.hero-relief-ready>img{visibility:hidden}
.hero-reveal.is-visible{opacity:1}
.studio-hero:has(.hero-reveal) .hero-shade{z-index:-1}
.studio-hero:has(.hero-reveal) .hero-environment{animation:none}
@media(max-width:650px){.hero-reveal img{object-position:59% center}}
@media(hover:none),(pointer:coarse),(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce),(forced-colors:active){.hero-reveal{display:none}}
.motion-reduced .hero-reveal{display:none}
@media print{.hero-reveal{display:none}}

/* A brief digital dropout, then a long readable hold. No layout movement. */
.hero-digital-text{display:block}
.hero-text-running .hero-digital-text{animation:hero-digital-fizzle 10s var(--ease) infinite;animation-delay:2s}
.hero-text-running h1 .hero-digital-text:nth-child(2){animation-delay:2.6s}
.hero-text-running .hero-subline .hero-digital-text{animation-delay:3.2s}
@keyframes hero-digital-fizzle{
  0%,22%,100%{opacity:1;transform:none;clip-path:inset(0)}
  4%{opacity:.28;transform:translateX(1px);clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 35%,0 35%,0 45%,100% 45%,100% 100%,0 100%)}
  8%{opacity:.95;transform:translateX(-1px);clip-path:inset(0)}
  12%{opacity:.16;transform:translateX(1px);clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 62%,0 62%,0 70%,100% 70%,100% 100%,0 100%)}
  16%{opacity:.78;transform:none;clip-path:inset(0)}
}
.hero-bottom .hero-motion-toggle{position:absolute;right:8%;bottom:10px;min-height:32px;padding:6px 0;background:transparent;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #ecd3af66;border-radius:0;color:#ecd3af;font:inherit;font-size:.55rem;letter-spacing:.08em;cursor:pointer}
.hero-motion-toggle:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #ecd3af;outline-offset:4px}
@media(hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){.hero-motion-toggle:hover{color:#fff3e0;border-bottom-color:currentColor}}
@media(max-width:650px){.hero-bottom .hero-motion-toggle{right:25px;font-size:.5rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce),(forced-colors:active){.hero-text-running .hero-digital-text{animation:none}.hero-motion-toggle{display:none}}
.motion-reduced .hero-digital-text{animation:none}
@media print{.hero-digital-text{animation:none!important}.hero-motion-toggle{display:none}}

/* Operating-room spatial scan: a lightweight WebGL depth field over the hero. */
.studio-hero{--hero-tilt-x:0deg;--hero-tilt-y:0deg;--hero-shift-x:0px;--hero-shift-y:0px;perspective:1200px}
.studio-hero-copy{transform:translateZ(115px);transform-style:preserve-3d}
.studio-hero .hero-bottom{transform:translateZ(72px)}
.studio-hero .hero-environment{transform:scale(1.09) translate3d(var(--hero-shift-x),var(--hero-shift-y),-34px) rotateX(var(--hero-tilt-x)) rotateY(var(--hero-tilt-y));transform-origin:50% 50%;transition:transform .12s linear;will-change:transform}
.hero-3d-canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:0;pointer-events:none;opacity:.96;mix-blend-mode:screen;-webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,rgba(0,0,0,.2) 25%,#000 48%);mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,rgba(0,0,0,.2) 25%,#000 48%);transition:opacity .35s ease}
.hero-spatial-ui{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1;pointer-events:none;color:#efd2aa;font-size:.48rem;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;transform-style:preserve-3d}
.hero-spatial-status{position:absolute;top:20%;right:6.8%;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;transform:translateZ(42px)}
.hero-spatial-status i{width:5px;height:5px;border-radius:50%;background:#efd2aa;box-shadow:0 0 12px #efd2aa}
.hero-spatial-depth{position:absolute;right:6.8%;bottom:18%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8;color:#c9d0d1;transform:translateZ(68px)}
.hero-spatial-depth b{color:#efd2aa;font-family:var(--display);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.1em}
.hero-spatial-axis{position:absolute;color:#efd2aa99;font-size:.45rem}
.hero-spatial-axis-x{right:22%;top:35%;padding-left:62px;border-top:1px solid #efd2aa55;transform:translateZ(34px)}
.hero-spatial-axis-y{right:18%;top:39%;padding-top:58px;border-left:1px solid #efd2aa55;transform:translateZ(48px)}
.hero-spatial-focus{position:absolute;left:var(--spatial-x,72%);top:var(--spatial-y,48%);width:112px;height:112px;border:1px solid #efd2aa6e;border-radius:50%;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,130px) rotateX(var(--volume-rx,-12deg)) rotateY(var(--volume-ry,-24deg));transition:left .16s linear,top .16s linear,transform .16s linear;box-shadow:0 0 34px #efd2aa12,inset 0 0 24px #efd2aa0d}
.hero-spatial-focus::before,.hero-spatial-focus::after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:16px;border:1px solid #efd2aa42;border-radius:50%}
.hero-spatial-focus::after{inset:42px;background:#efd2aa;border:0;box-shadow:0 0 16px #efd2aa;border-radius:50%}
.hero-spatial-focus i{position:absolute;background:#efd2aa66}
.hero-spatial-focus i:first-child{left:50%;top:-14px;width:1px;height:28px}.hero-spatial-focus i:nth-child(2){left:-14px;top:50%;width:28px;height:1px}.hero-spatial-focus i:nth-child(3){right:-14px;top:50%;width:28px;height:1px}
.hero-navigation-volume{--volume-opacity:.72;position:absolute;right:3.5%;top:48%;width:230px;height:230px;transform-style:preserve-3d;transform:translateY(-50%) translateZ(55px) rotateX(var(--volume-rx,-12deg)) rotateY(var(--volume-ry,-24deg));transition:transform .16s linear}
.hero-navigation-volume::before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:-26%;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#efd2aa20 0,transparent 66%);transform:translateZ(-132px);filter:blur(8px);opacity:var(--volume-opacity)}
.hero-volume-face,.hero-volume-scan{position:absolute;inset:0;display:block;border:1px solid #efd2aa4f;background-image:linear-gradient(#efd2aa16 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#efd2aa16 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:25% 25%;backface-visibility:visible;transform-style:preserve-3d;opacity:var(--volume-opacity)}
.hero-volume-front{transform:translateZ(115px)}.hero-volume-back{transform:rotateY(180deg) translateZ(115px)}
.hero-volume-left{transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(115px)}.hero-volume-right{transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(115px)}
.hero-volume-top{transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(115px)}.hero-volume-bottom{transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(115px)}
.hero-volume-scan{border-color:#efd2aa73;background:#efd2aa12;box-shadow:0 0 32px #efd2aa22;animation:volume-scan 5s ease-in-out infinite alternate}
.hero-volume-core{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:13px;height:13px;border:1px solid #fff0d2;border-radius:50%;background:#efd2aa;box-shadow:0 0 28px 8px #efd2aa70;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0);opacity:var(--volume-opacity)}
.hero-volume-label{position:absolute;left:0;top:calc(100% + 18px);font:400 .46rem/1.4 var(--sans);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.17em;color:#efd2aa;white-space:nowrap;transform:translateZ(115px);opacity:var(--volume-opacity)}
@keyframes volume-scan{from{transform:translateZ(-108px)}to{transform:translateZ(108px)}}
.hero-spatial-ready .hero-spatial-status i{animation:spatial-pulse 2.4s ease-in-out infinite}
.hero-motion-paused .hero-volume-scan,.hero-motion-paused .hero-spatial-status i{animation-play-state:paused}
.hero-spatial-context-lost .hero-3d-canvas,.hero-spatial-fallback .hero-3d-canvas{opacity:0}
.hero-spatial-context-lost .hero-spatial-status i,.hero-spatial-fallback .hero-spatial-status i{animation:none;background:#93a0a5;box-shadow:none}
.hero-spatial-context-lost .hero-spatial-status,.hero-spatial-fallback .hero-spatial-status{opacity:.58}
@keyframes spatial-pulse{0%,100%{opacity:.45;transform:scale(.75)}50%{opacity:1;transform:scale(1.2)}}
@media(max-width:800px){
  .studio-hero-copy,.studio-hero .hero-bottom{transform:none}
  .hero-3d-canvas{opacity:.55}.hero-spatial-status{top:18%;right:24px}.hero-spatial-depth{right:24px;bottom:17%}
  .hero-spatial-axis{display:none}.hero-spatial-focus{width:82px;height:82px;left:76%;top:45%}.hero-spatial-focus::before{inset:12px}.hero-spatial-focus::after{inset:31px}
  .hero-navigation-volume{--volume-opacity:.42;width:140px;height:140px;right:3%;top:46%}.hero-volume-front{transform:translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-back{transform:rotateY(180deg) translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-left{transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-right{transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-top{transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-bottom{transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(70px)}.hero-volume-label{display:none}@keyframes volume-scan{from{transform:translateZ(-65px)}to{transform:translateZ(65px)}}
  .studio-hero .hero-environment{transform:scale(1.035)}
}
@media(hover:none),(pointer:coarse){.hero-spatial-focus{left:76%;top:45%}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce),(forced-colors:active){
  .hero-3d-canvas{display:none}.hero-spatial-ready .hero-spatial-status i,.hero-volume-scan{animation:none}.hero-navigation-volume{transform:translateY(-50%) translateZ(40px) rotateX(-12deg) rotateY(-24deg)}.studio-hero .hero-environment{transform:scale(1.035);transition:none}
}
.motion-reduced .hero-3d-canvas{display:none}.motion-reduced .hero-volume-scan,.motion-reduced .hero-spatial-status i{animation:none}.motion-reduced .studio-hero .hero-environment{transform:scale(1.035);transition:none}
@media print{.hero-3d-canvas,.hero-spatial-ui{display:none!important}}